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KMID : 1161520170210010031
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Animal Cells and Systems
2017 Volume.21 No. 1 p.31 ~ p.36
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Excessive retinoic acid inhibit mouse embryonic palate mesenchymal cell growth through involvement of Smad signaling
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Zhang Huanhuan
Liu Xiaozhuan
Gao Zhan
Li Zhitao
Yu Zengli
Yin Jun
Tao Yuchang
Cui Lingling
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Abstract
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All-trans retinoic acid (atRA), the oxidative metabolite of retinoic acid (RA), is essential for palatogenesis. Overdose RA is capable of inducing cleft palate in mice and humans. Normal embryonic palatal mesenchymal (EPM) cell growth is crucial for shelf growth. Smad signaling is involved in many biological processes. However, it is not much clear if atRA could affect Smad signaling during EPM cells growth. In this study, the timed pregnant mice with maternal administration of 100?mg/kg body weight of RA by gastric intubation were cervical dislocation executed to evaluate growth changes of palatal shelves by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. At the same time, a primary mouse EPM (MEPM) cell culture model was also established. MEPM cells were treated with atRA (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10?μM) for 24, 48 and 72?h. The results indicated that the sizes of the shelves were smaller than those in control. AtRA inhibited MEPM cell growth with both increasing concentration and increasing incubation time, especially at 72?h in vitro. Moreover, atRA significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of Smad7 (P??.05). We demonstrated that RA induced inhibition of MEPM cell growth that could cause cleft palate partly by down-regulation of Smad pathway.
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KEYWORD
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Retinoic acid, MEPM, cell growth, Smad
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